The Impact of Increased Literacy on Ballads and Chapbooks in Seventeent

The Impact of Increased Literacy on Ballads and Chapbooks in Seventeenth-Century England In seventeenth-century England, the ascent of famous instruction and education agreeing with the mechanical innovation of printing, prompted the decrease in the making of songs and in the significance of chapbooks. After England's Restoration period, modest print was accessible in enormous amounts because of new mechanical advancements in the printing field. Chronicles got significant for families on every single social level to possess and roughly 400,000 were imprinted during the 1660s yearly. Books of scriptures were additionally being imprinted in incredible sums, however not as much as chronicles because of the way that they didn't become out-dated. Right off the bat in the seventeenth-century England experienced a type of wonder similar to that marvel of the Great Rebuilding and is likely identified with it (9). This upsurgance of spending power empowered the yeomanry of the wide open to send their children to class. Liberated from the work power, these young men were educated to peruse and compose. Fathers who were not as well off as the yeomen, still could send their children to class until they were of working age, around six or seven. These lower class young men were educated to peruse, yet composing was instructed at a later age. This expansion in the measure of the populace that could peruse and compose was incredibly critical, changing England from the fourteenth-century to the sixteenth century from a late medieval worker society, to a general public wherein perusing and composing were utilized by more individuals, and on every single social scale, for instruction and diversion. Roughly 30% of men in the last 50% of the seventeenth-century were educated. Sixty-five percent of the yeomen w... ...rich widow, holding up at a similar spot to experience the service with him (56). Provincial chapbooks were composed, with the characters talking in nearby vernaculars and normally ridiculing another locale of England or an individual visiting from a remote nation. The ascent in education and the decline of printing costs that at the same time happened in the seventeenth century, had both negative and beneficial outcomes on the financial structure of England. The oral convention of numbers, and the social network based on it, were lost. Proficiency brought self-training through books and amusement from chapbooks to many yeomen, ranch works, tradesmen, and some lower class poor. Work Cited Spufford, Margaret. Little Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1981.

Healthcare Finance in The United States of America Free Essays

In United States the Congress had passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 or MMA and with this forced a stoppage for year and a half on the beginning of new doctor possessed claim to fame emergency clinics. Simultaneously, they likewise needed to realize the position with respect to specific issues of doctor claimed heart, orthopedic and careful forte clinics through MedPAC. The group visited destinations, made legitimate examination and met the offer proprietors in these emergency clinics lastly introduced a report to the Congress. We will compose a custom exposition test on Medicinal services Finance in The United States of America or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now It had likewise experienced the cost reports got from Medicare and inpatient cases of 2002, which was the latest around then. This will normally frame the premise of such clinics being allowed or not. (Doctor possessed claim to fame medical clinics) The discoveries of this board of trustees indicated that:- Doctor possessed medical clinics for the most part treated patients who had less serious issues and focused on explicit conclusion related gatherings and the explanation behind both of this was these were required to be more productive than different patients. These emergency clinics don't treat the same number of Medicaid patients as network medical clinics. With respect to expenses of patients in these emergency clinics for the patients, the Medicare patients didn't get advantages of lower costs however the inpatients had shorter times of remain. There was no considerable effect of doctor claimed strength medical clinics on the network emergency clinics as observed in 2002, and there was additionally no effect on the monetary presentation of the network clinics. The vast majority of the distinctions in productivity can be amended by improving the forthcoming patient framework for inpatients that are made by Medicare. Along these lines as indicated by the discoveries there are not significant contrasts between the network emergency clinics and doctor claimed forte medical clinics as far as expenses or ability for administrations. (Doctor possessed claim to fame emergency clinics) Contrasts among kinds of medical clinics: We will make correlation of the clinics in India and USA. In India, aside from the administration clinics, there are various enormous emergency clinics run by trusts or huge companies. In the city of Bombay or Mumbai, the emergency clinics named Jaslok or Hinduja are controlled by trusts and Wockhardt Heart Hospital is controlled by a significant pharmaceutical organization. In any event, when the clinic has been advanced by a doctor, still the medical clinic is run like an organization as is found on account of Apollo Hospitals. There is presently another emergency clinic named as Asian Heart Hospital in Bombay which has been advanced by a doctor group and they have a huge stake in the medical clinic. The group of doctor is driven by one Mr. Panda who is currently the CEO of the clinic. These doctors have all contributed their own assets, and to get more assets, they have even requested more commitments from different doctors who are presently not inhabitant in India. The medical clinic is the aftereffect of an arrangement by these doctors in 1993-94. The medical clinic took around 10 years to finish. Consequently one ought to understand that a clinic sets aside a long effort to come to fruition up. (Specialists in arms) The most concerning issues in the administration of medical clinics originate from doctors and eminent doctors are looked for empanelment by emergency clinics. The doctors at that point ceaselessly power the medical clinics to update their framework and furthermore charge overwhelming expenses from the patients. Toward the finish of the administrations by the doctors, it is they who get the greatest returns. It is likewise hard to hold the doctors as they leave at the most punctual chance, and this announcement is from one of the advertisers of the emergency clinic, GW Capital. They are presently putting cash in the idea of doctor oversaw private medical clinics. This brought about its venture of Rs 150 million or around 3 million dollars in purchasing a 26 percent stake in another emergency clinic bunch in Hyderabad, in 2000 called the Care Group. That gathering has extended quick and now has over a 1000 beds in its activities in six focuses. (Specialists in arms) Thus the expenses of the medical clinics will require around 12 million dollars for a 1000 bed activity. Simultaneously, not all emergency clinics are made in view of cash and there are medical clinics in Chennai or Madras in India which have 150 doctors, 500 attendants and 371 Para-clinical staff. The whole group works inside a spending plan of Rs 120 million or 2.4 million dollars. (Recuperating Ministry of the Madras Diocesan Medical Board) This emergency clinic is controlled by a strict crucial its goal is to offer support to the individuals and this medical clinic wouldn't like to bring in cash, yet run at make back the initial investment costs. In United States, during 2002 there were 48 emergency clinics saw as doctor possessed medical clinics. Of them 12 were heart medical clinics, 25 were orthopedic emergency clinics and 11 were careful clinics. These medical clinics are commonly exceptionally little with normal limits of orthopedic emergency clinics being 16 beds, the careful claim to fame medical clinics being 14 beds and heart medical clinics are the biggest with normal limit being 52 beds. The general states of these clinics are not undeniable as they don't have crisis divisions, while 93 percent of the network medical clinics have crisis offices. The purpose behind presence of these clinics is the doctor authority over the emergency clinics. (Doctor possessed forte medical clinics) simultaneously, one of these emergency clinics has been named as one of country’s top 100 heart medical clinics. (Parkwest Medical Center) Money related situation of private emergency clinics: As indicated by accessible reports, the private medical clinics are in a situation to take on patients who are fit for paying for them, and not take on patients who need to rely upon oversaw care associations. This expands the earnings of the clinics by 20 to 50 percent. This decreases the expense of a detour medical procedure at one of the emergency clinics in India, Care to about Rs 80,000 or $1,700. The expense in India is higher by around 30 to 40 percent in corporate emergency clinics. Indeed, even the new medical clinic, Asian Heart has anticipated a money earn back the original investment during the second year of tasks, and before the second's over year it hopes to deliver a 15 percent profit to the financial specialist. In this way on a speculation of $50 million, the profits would be $7.5 million from the subsequent year. (Specialists in arms) The situation in United States is the equivalent, and regardless of some private forte clinics not having made any appropriations to investors, the investigation demonstrated that the edge in these medical clinics was around 13 percent in 2002 when contrasted with 3 to 6 percent that was seen for network emergency clinics. (Doctor possessed strength clinics) The upsides of doctor claimed strength clinics: To discover this viewpoint out, there were conversations with the doctors who were putting resources into these emergency clinics. The cardiologists and specialists need to concede their patients, play out the necessary strategies and have the patients recoup with least unsettling influence. They accept that network medical clinics can't coordinate their administrations as those emergency clinics have an assortment of administrations and missions that they need to attempt. The immediate control by the doctors help to expand profitability through less unsettling influences to the calendars in working room which originate from the crisis cases that happen, diminishing the personal time between tasks between two distinct medical procedures and this is because of tidying up the working room all the more proficiently, expanded capacity to work between two working rooms in any event, when the working rooms are obstructed because of some other work and better efficiencies through direct control of working room staff. As referenced before, they likewise prefer to frame claim to fame medical clinics as they have increments in salary. There is some expansion because of profitability, yet they can gather a portion of the benefits from the office for themselves and other related doctors. They focus on offering types of assistance that are productive, on treating patients who are less wiped out and in this way increasingly gainful. (Doctor claimed strength medical clinics) Even in India a similar circumstance exists and the greater part of the doctors who have now begun creating emergency clinics have been cooperating before, and one of the fundamental points is to expel the weight from oversaw social insurance frameworks that they need to confront something else. There is presently a particular change in the development of clinics and new emergency clinics are being shaped by doctors. The all out expenses have been talked about somewhat, yet without the investment of doctors, the medical clinics are probably not going to be effective. Step by step instructions to refer to Healthcare Finance in The United States of America, Essay models

Selected Sigmund Freud Quotes From His Writings

Selected Sigmund Freud Quotes From His Writings History and Biographies Print Famous Quotes From Sigmund Freud Freuds work furthered our understanding of psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 17, 2018 Authenticated News/Archive Photos/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In addition to his own psychoanalytic practice, Sigmund Freud was also a prolific writer. Works such as The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901) helped establish Freuds psychoanalytic theories and made him a dominating force in psychology during the early 20th-century. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development  and abnormal psychology. Below are just a few quotes from Freuds writings. Selected Sigmund Freud Quotes No one who, like me, conjures up the most evil of those half-tamed demons that inhabit the human breast, and seeks to wrestle with them, can expect to come through the struggle unscathed.From Dora: An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, 1905.The great question that has never been answered, and which I have not yet been able to answer, despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul, is What does a woman want?From Sigmund Freud: Life and Work by Ernest JonesReligion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires.From New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, 1932.Where id is, there shall ego be.From New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, 1932.One might compare the relation of the ego to the id with that between a rider and his horse. The horse provides the locomotor energy, and the rider has the prerogative of determining the goal and of guiding the movements of his powerful mount towards it. But all too often in the relations between the ego and the id we find a picture of the less ideal situation in which the rider is obliged to guide his horse in the direction in which it itself wants to go.From New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, 1932.Devout believers are safeguarded in a high degree against the risk of certain neurotic illnesses; their acceptance of the universal neurosis spares them the task of constructing a personal one.From The Future of an Illusion, 1927.The ego is not master in its own house.From A Difficulty in the Path of Psycho-Analysis, 1917.Our knowledge of the historical worth of certain religious doctrines increases our respect for them but does not invalidate our proposal that they should cease to be put forward as the reasons for the precepts of civilization. On the contrary! Those historical residues have helped us to view religious teachings, as it were, as neurotic relics, and we may now argue that the time has probably come, as it does in an analytic treatmen t, for replacing the effects of repression by the results of the rational operation of the intellect. From The Future of an Illusion, (1927)One feels inclined to say that the intention that man should be happy is not included in the plan of Creation.From Civilization and Its Discontents, (1930)The poor ego has a still harder time of it; it has to serve three harsh masters, and it has to do its best to reconcile the claims and demands of all three...The three tyrants are the external world, the superego, and the id.From New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, (1932)Thinking is an experimental dealing with small quantities of energy, just as a general moves miniature figures over a map before setting his troops in action.From New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, (1932) Freuds work helped shape our understanding of the human mind. Over 100 years later, his research and findings continue to influence our studies on the human mind.

Using The Heat Energy Equation - 1804 Words

INTRODUCTION (Pre-lab) What will be the amount of energy contained in specific snack foods? This question will be solved by using the heat energy equation, Q=mCΔT. â€Å"Q or q† will represent the heat in joules, this will be found algebraically by filling in the rest of the heat energy equation. â€Å"m† will represent the mass in grams, this will be found by finding the mass of the water. â€Å"C† will represent specific heat in Joules/grams  °Celsius, the specific heat of water will always be 4.184 J/g °C. â€Å"ΔT† will represent the change in temperature, this will be found by subtracting the final temperature of the water by the original temperature of the water. Capital Q means that heat will be added-endothermic. Lowercase q means that heat will be lost-exothermic. The law conservation of energy says that energy will not be created nor destroyed, but will be converted from one form to another. The percent error equation will be (accepted-experimental) à · (a ccepted), accepted is the Cal/g on the snack food’s package, and the experimental is the Cal/g that is calculated during the experiment. The independent variable will be the Marshmallow, CHEEZ-IT, Cheetos, and Chex-mix. The dependent variable will be the energy in either Joules/grams or Calories/gram because the amount of energy depends on the snack food. The controlled variable will be the amount of water in the calorimeter because the water will be the same amount in every trial. A bar graph will be needed to determine which snack foodShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Desalination1345 Words   |  5 Pageschecks on all coursework using plagiarism software. 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Temperature was measured and distilled water was placed intoRead MoreComponents Of Thermoregulation ( Tm ) Systems And The Latent Thermal Energy Storage ( Ltes ) Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pageslatent thermal energy storage (LTES). PCMs capability to absorb and release large latent heat during phase change transition processes provides a wide range of phase change temperatures for thermal management systems. The incorporation of PCMs can achieve the same or even better performances with a smaller volume. PCMs can meet the thermoregulation requirements of various applications. Currently, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs (usually les s than 1 W mK−1) greatly limits their heat dissipationRead MoreA Physics Special On Mass Energy Equivalence718 Words   |  3 PagesGreat Lakes Tribune A Physics Special on Mass-Energy Equivalence Article By: Hugh Corley History Born in Germany in 1879, Albert Einstein was theoretical physicist. After graduating high school, he began working in a Swiss patent office in 1903. 1905 was like any other year in the patent office. That is, until September 27, when Albert Einstein finished a paper that would revolutionize physics. Titled â€Å"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy-Content?† it was the final paper in a series

Wherever You Go, Thats Who You Are - 1134 Words

A person’s surroundings have a strong influence on the course of their lives and their character. This is shown in the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The main character in the story, Amir, lives in Kabul, Afghanistan with his successful and respected father, Baba, and their two servants Ali and Hassan. Amir and Hassan grow up together as very close friends, but their friendship often suffers from the tension of Amirs insecurities, as well as their societys negative view on Hassans Hazara ethnicity. The final thread holding their friendship together is broken when Amir fails to protect Hassan from being raped from the terrorizing Assef. After Hassan leaves Amirs life, political events cause Amir and his father to flee to America, where they take on the challenge of adjusting to a new country. Amir spends years building a life in America, a family and a career, until an old friend calls him back home to offer a chance of redeeming his wrong-doings in his youth. On ret urning to a very different Afghanistan from the one he used to call home, Amir learns Hassan is his illegitimate brother, faces his past, and finds relief in atoning for his sins by rescuing Hassan’s son from Assef. Hosseini uses layered settings: a traditional Kabul, an Afghan community in America, and a Taliban ruled Afghanistan, that intertwine with Amir’s life to create a unique novel. The traditions and mindset of the pre-Taliban Kabul, Afghanistan during Amir’s youth played a large role in hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Patrick Barclay s Award Winning Work1537 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance, while none of those parts relates to the previous one, not in context of Jose Mourinho’s life, but of his traits as an individual as well as a manager. The eight parts are: 1. The Premier One 2. Welcome to England 3. The Formative Years 4. Jose Who? 5. Behind the Mask 6. From Infighting to Ecstasy 7. Mayhem in Madrid 8. 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Problems Faced by Female Teachers Free Essays

gender discrimination Discrimination  is the  prejudicial  or distinguishing treatment of an individual based on his or her membership – or perceived membership – in a certain group or category. It involves the group’s initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual’s actual behavior towards the group or the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making. Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices, and laws exist in many countries and  institutions  in every part of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems Faced by Female Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now In some places, controversial attempts such as  racial quotas  have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination—but have sometimes been called  reverse discrimination  themselves. Though gender discrimination refers to beliefs and  attitudes  in relation to the  gender  of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Teacher Cadet Essay iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/teacher-cadet-essay/embed/#?secret=pahojawsk0" data-secret="pahojawsk0" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Teacher Cadet Essay#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Gender discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes gender discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another gender. Discrimination of that nature is considered a form of  prejudice  and in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Gender discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or by an employer  not hiring or promoting, unequally paying, or wrongfully terminating, an employee based on her (or his) gender. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student group, or scholarship because of her/his gender. In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on his or her gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking; for example if one is refused credit or is offered unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. Another setting where there is usually gender discrimination is when one is refused to extend his or her credit, refused approval of credit/loan process, and if there is a burden of unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. Socially, gender differences have been used to justify  different roles for men and women, in some cases giving rise to claims of primary and secondary roles. While there are alleged non-physical differences between men and women, major reviews of the academic literature on gender difference find only a tiny minority of characteristics where there are consistent psychological differences between men and women, and these relate directly to experiences grounded in biological difference. However, there are also some psychological differences in regard to how problems are dealt with and emotional perceptions and reactions that may relate to hormones and the successful characteristics of each gender during longstanding roles in past primitive lifestyles. In the developing countries like Nepal, gender discrimination is one of the major backwards of development. It  describes the absence of obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on gender. Disparities can include the discrimination in terms of opportunities, resources, services, benefits, decision-making power and influence. Males enjoy a privileged status from their birth whereas females are often ignored and/or are isolated from social interactions. They are not granted the same opportunities in education, and other basic rights are often overlooked. When a woman gives birth to a son, he is well cared for and is highly regarded by his family and society. On the other hand, in the event that she gives birth to a daughter, she is ignored and poorly regarded. Nepalese society expects females to inhabit with their husband’s family and their sons and to continue living in his parent’s home. Thus, the maintenance of the family lineage is perpetuated. Daughters are not considered as heirs in the system of Nepali lineage. Nepal’s total population is about 23 million. Out of this about fifty percent is Women. In Nepal, like other developing countries, the state of women is not satisfactory. Male dominated family system provides very little scope for the female to assert their identity. They are marginalized from economic and social opportunities due to illiteracy, poverty and conservative social taboos. The present status of women is said to be strong than the past but it is the same. 32 women have been Members of Parliament after restoration of democracy but it is only limited up to the written forms but not so practically. The status of women is the same as it used to be in the past. My neighbor is a pretty woman who has been living near me for 5 years. Her mother in law tortures her for not giving a birth to a boy child. As she has already given birth to two girl child. So they warned her that if next time she does not give birth to a boy then she has to leave the home and her husband will marry another woman. So she in the fear of losing her husband was ready to give birth to another child but unfortunately she got miscarriage and she got admitted to the hospital. The family members in this situation rather than consoling the women they didn’t cared about her and left her in the hospital. After few days the husband got married to another woman . They didn’t allow her to enter the house and meet her daughters. Men can leave their wives for petty reasons such as if they fail to give birth to a male heir. Socially and economically men are always considered as superior to women, breadwinner, head of the family and the care taker and this is major cause for the low participation of women in every sector. This is only one example from our society there are several such discriminations and crimes happening in our society for several reasons. Not only in Nepal but throughout the world females are being dominated by males. It is time that Nepalese men understood the value of their women and respected them for what they are. After all, their mothers were also born as girls. The prevailing unfair social and labour relations compounded by unequal power structure and patriarchal thinking contribute to the sorry situation of girls in Nepal. Social attitude towards girls is still regressive. Majority of girls are denied care, education, health service, recreation and other basic services right from the birth. The environment in which they are living is not conducive for physical and cognitive growth. Moreover, the atmosphere that prevails at home, family, community and at the national level obstruct the path of overall development of girls. If we fail to properly analyze the nature and form of the problems and the reasons for such a situation of girls, not only will we be unable to ensure a bright future of our girls, but we will fail to ensure a secure future for our women and mothers. This means the movement for women’s liberation will barely be able to keep its head above troubled water. Following facts reveal the situation of the girl children in Nepal. a. Population:  Girls in Nepal consist 50 per cent of the total child population. CBS) ————————————————- In every thousand children Boys  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Girls Infant mortality rate (IMR)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  144. 50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   150. 38 Child mortality rate (U5MR)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  108. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   133. 00 b. Gender Discrimination/Son Preference:  Discrimination of girls is rampant in every sector of society. Son preference is very high. According to the 2001 census, the national ratio of boys and girls is 100:101, while in some districts such as Far West Kailali it is 100:84. c. Literacy Rate:  Literacy rate of girls is 42 per cent compared to 65 per cent among boys. In Nepal, primary school going girls is 74 per cent compared to 86 per cent boys. (MOE 2003) d. Child Malnutrition:  Child malnutrition in Nepal is 56. 2 per cent in which the state of girls is more vulnerable than boys. Statistics on breast feeding indicate that 51 per cent male children are breast fed, while its number is only 43 per cent among female children. e. Child Sexual exploitation:  Almost 40 per cent of survivors of child sexual abuse and rape are girls below 18 years. Most of them are abused at home, in educational institutions, work places or any given place. They are insecure in all these places. CWIN 2008) f. Child Marriage:  34 per cent of total marriages in Nepal are with girls below 16 years. Some 7 per cent of child marriages take place with children below 10 years. (UNICEF 2005). Existing practices of dowry in many parts of the country further provokes child marriages in the society. g. Child Labor Exploitation:  Most household chores and child rearing ac tivities are the responsibility of girls. Girls aged between 10-14 years work double compared to boys in the same age group. It is also reported that 2. 6 million Nepali children are working in different fields of labor. Amongst these 56% are reported to be girls. (ILO-IPEC, 2001) h. Bonded Labour:  Labour bondage still persists in the form of ‘Kamlari’ in the eastern part of Nepal, where girls are kept in the households of their ‘masters’ to serve them. i. Girl Trafficking:  Girls are trafficked for different purposes including domestic work, forced beggary, marriage, carpet weaving and sex trade. About 20 per cent (i. e. 40,000) of the total trafficked women for sex trade are girls below 16 years. (CWIN 2006) Annually approximately 12,000 girl children and women are trafficked. (ILO, How to cite Problems Faced by Female Teachers, Papers Problems Faced by Female Teachers Free Essays gender discrimination Discrimination  is the  prejudicial  or distinguishing treatment of an individual based on his or her membership – or perceived membership – in a certain group or category. It involves the group’s initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual’s actual behavior towards the group or the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making. Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices, and laws exist in many countries and  institutions  in every part of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems Faced by Female Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now In some places, controversial attempts such as  racial quotas  have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination—but have sometimes been called  reverse discrimination  themselves. Though gender discrimination refers to beliefs and  attitudes  in relation to the  gender  of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Gender discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes gender discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another gender. Discrimination of that nature is considered a form of  prejudice  and in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Gender discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or by an employer  not hiring or promoting, unequally paying, or wrongfully terminating, an employee based on her (or his) gender. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student group, or scholarship because of her/his gender. In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on his or her gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking; for example if one is refused credit or is offered unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. Another setting where there is usually gender discrimination is when one is refused to extend his or her credit, refused approval of credit/loan process, and if there is a burden of unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. Socially, gender differences have been used to justify  different roles for men and women, in some cases giving rise to claims of primary and secondary roles. While there are alleged non-physical differences between men and women, major reviews of the academic literature on gender difference find only a tiny minority of characteristics where there are consistent psychological differences between men and women, and these relate directly to experiences grounded in biological difference. However, there are also some psychological differences in regard to how problems are dealt with and emotional perceptions and reactions that may relate to hormones and the successful characteristics of each gender during longstanding roles in past primitive lifestyles. In the developing countries like Nepal, gender discrimination is one of the major backwards of development. It  describes the absence of obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on gender. Disparities can include the discrimination in terms of opportunities, resources, services, benefits, decision-making power and influence. Males enjoy a privileged status from their birth whereas females are often ignored and/or are isolated from social interactions. They are not granted the same opportunities in education, and other basic rights are often overlooked. When a woman gives birth to a son, he is well cared for and is highly regarded by his family and society. On the other hand, in the event that she gives birth to a daughter, she is ignored and poorly regarded. Nepalese society expects females to inhabit with their husband’s family and their sons and to continue living in his parent’s home. Thus, the maintenance of the family lineage is perpetuated. Daughters are not considered as heirs in the system of Nepali lineage. Nepal’s total population is about 23 million. Out of this about fifty percent is Women. In Nepal, like other developing countries, the state of women is not satisfactory. Male dominated family system provides very little scope for the female to assert their identity. They are marginalized from economic and social opportunities due to illiteracy, poverty and conservative social taboos. The present status of women is said to be strong than the past but it is the same. 32 women have been Members of Parliament after restoration of democracy but it is only limited up to the written forms but not so practically. The status of women is the same as it used to be in the past. My neighbor is a pretty woman who has been living near me for 5 years. Her mother in law tortures her for not giving a birth to a boy child. As she has already given birth to two girl child. So they warned her that if next time she does not give birth to a boy then she has to leave the home and her husband will marry another woman. So she in the fear of losing her husband was ready to give birth to another child but unfortunately she got miscarriage and she got admitted to the hospital. The family members in this situation rather than consoling the women they didn’t cared about her and left her in the hospital. After few days the husband got married to another woman . They didn’t allow her to enter the house and meet her daughters. Men can leave their wives for petty reasons such as if they fail to give birth to a male heir. Socially and economically men are always considered as superior to women, breadwinner, head of the family and the care taker and this is major cause for the low participation of women in every sector. This is only one example from our society there are several such discriminations and crimes happening in our society for several reasons. Not only in Nepal but throughout the world females are being dominated by males. It is time that Nepalese men understood the value of their women and respected them for what they are. After all, their mothers were also born as girls. The prevailing unfair social and labour relations compounded by unequal power structure and patriarchal thinking contribute to the sorry situation of girls in Nepal. Social attitude towards girls is still regressive. Majority of girls are denied care, education, health service, recreation and other basic services right from the birth. The environment in which they are living is not conducive for physical and cognitive growth. Moreover, the atmosphere that prevails at home, family, community and at the national level obstruct the path of overall development of girls. If we fail to properly analyze the nature and form of the problems and the reasons for such a situation of girls, not only will we be unable to ensure a bright future of our girls, but we will fail to ensure a secure future for our women and mothers. This means the movement for women’s liberation will barely be able to keep its head above troubled water. Following facts reveal the situation of the girl children in Nepal. a. Population:  Girls in Nepal consist 50 per cent of the total child population. CBS) ————————————————- In every thousand children Boys  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Girls Infant mortality rate (IMR)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  144. 50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   150. 38 Child mortality rate (U5MR)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  108. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   133. 00 b. Gender Discrimination/Son Preference:  Discrimination of girls is rampant in every sector of society. Son preference is very high. According to the 2001 census, the national ratio of boys and girls is 100:101, while in some districts such as Far West Kailali it is 100:84. c. Literacy Rate:  Literacy rate of girls is 42 per cent compared to 65 per cent among boys. In Nepal, primary school going girls is 74 per cent compared to 86 per cent boys. (MOE 2003) d. Child Malnutrition:  Child malnutrition in Nepal is 56. 2 per cent in which the state of girls is more vulnerable than boys. Statistics on breast feeding indicate that 51 per cent male children are breast fed, while its number is only 43 per cent among female children. e. Child Sexual exploitation:  Almost 40 per cent of survivors of child sexual abuse and rape are girls below 18 years. Most of them are abused at home, in educational institutions, work places or any given place. They are insecure in all these places. CWIN 2008) f. Child Marriage:  34 per cent of total marriages in Nepal are with girls below 16 years. Some 7 per cent of child marriages take place with children below 10 years. (UNICEF 2005). Existing practices of dowry in many parts of the country further provokes child marriages in the society. g. Child Labor Exploitation:  Most household chores and child rearing ac tivities are the responsibility of girls. Girls aged between 10-14 years work double compared to boys in the same age group. It is also reported that 2. 6 million Nepali children are working in different fields of labor. Amongst these 56% are reported to be girls. (ILO-IPEC, 2001) h. Bonded Labour:  Labour bondage still persists in the form of ‘Kamlari’ in the eastern part of Nepal, where girls are kept in the households of their ‘masters’ to serve them. i. Girl Trafficking:  Girls are trafficked for different purposes including domestic work, forced beggary, marriage, carpet weaving and sex trade. About 20 per cent (i. e. 40,000) of the total trafficked women for sex trade are girls below 16 years. (CWIN 2006) Annually approximately 12,000 girl children and women are trafficked. (ILO, How to cite Problems Faced by Female Teachers, Essay examples

RELG 215 Pagan Essay Essays - Deities, Religion, Wicca, Neopaganism

Pagan Religion: Wicca Pagan Religion: Wicca Background Information There are many religions that are pagan and all of which are those that do not subscribe to Christianity, but they follow other religions instead. Pagan religions arose after the Middle Ages, and unfortunately were referred to in negative, or derogatory, terms. The word wicca is derived directly from the word witch in the male form and wicce was the female form. The founder decided to use Wicca as the Witchcraft religion's formal name (Lewis, 1999). Christians proclaim that those who subscribe to Pagan religions believe in false gods and are inferior to Christians. Wicca is a form of a pagan religion but is most widely known for being associated with Witchcraft. Wiccans take part in witchcraft and can belong to covens, but there is more to this religion. This religion has been rapidly growing in the United States and is, in fact, one of the fastest growing among all religions in the United States (Lewis, 1999). Although Wiccans are closely involved with Witchcraft, there is more to t he religion itself than just the magical and supernatural aspects. Scriptural Canon The most official text that Wiccans follow is that known as the "Charge of the Goddess," by Doreen Valiente. This text was originally written by the person who founded modern Witchcraft, Gerald Gardner, but was redone by Valiente who happened to be one of his closest allies (Lewis, 1999). Wiccans are very nature-based in their religion and as so, it can be seen in their canon. Valiente (1957) wrote "I am the beauty of the green earth, and the white moon among the stars, and the mystery of the waters, and the desire of the heart of man" (p. 1). Wiccans take pride in being so close to nature and everything involving the Earth they reside on. The canon itself is written in the form of a poem. The wording, as well, is written in such a way to give the appearance that it is old and authoritative to its followers. There are about eleven stanzas in the "Charge of the Goddess" all with complete thoughts and instructions in each one. There are not any words of negativity among the Wiccan canon because their religion is about power within oneself and their surroundings (Valiente, 1957). In one part, for example, Valiente (1957) says the following: Call unto thy soul, arise, and come unto me. For I am the soul of Nature, who gives life to the Universe. From me all things proceed, and unto me all things must return; and before my face, beloved of gods and of men, let thine innermost divine self be enfolded, in the rapture of the infinite (p. 2). This stanza explains that one must first dig into their own souls in order to give away their spirituality to the rest of the universe. Once that is accomplished, with everything attached, the divine may attained forever. Concept of the Ultimate The Wicca religion is polytheistic, or one that believes in many deities or gods, where their concept of the ultimate is the Triple Goddess (similar in comparison to the Holy Trinity that Christians subscribe to). The Triple Goddess is that of three developmental stages that a woman goes through: The Maiden, the Mother, and the Crone (Becvar, 2005). First, the Maiden is a young woman full of ambition and anticipation. Second, the Mother is a woman that is excited to devote her live to creation and love. Lastly, the Crone is a woman who is feared among the rest because she is full of wisdom from having gone through the previous stages while handling the end of her life. While each of the three parts of the goddess are very different, they are equally important as the ultimate for the Wiccan followers (Becvar, 2005). It is nice to study a religion where there is this Triple Goddess rather than this father figure or a supposed male god. Code of Ethics The "Charge of the Goddess" is full of many mantras, or small philosophies, to live by. All these mantras are included in the stanzas of the Wicca canon, and are inclusive enough for anyone to use in their lives. A few of these stood out as very important

44 phonemes Essay Example

44 phonemes Essay Example 44 phonemes Paper 44 phonemes Paper ______ consonants _______ other consonant sounds 18 consonants 7 other consonant sounds ch chip sh shack zh vision/pleasure th that th other ng king wh what _____ short vowels, ______ long vowels ______ other vowel sounds 5 short vowels, 5 long vowels, 9 other vowel sounds oo food oo hook ? (schwa) comma, apron, circus oi oil ou house ar chair, care, there ur hurt, term, courage a father, heart, taco, plaza o ball, caution, tall List the 7 other consonant sounds ch (chair) sh (share) th (there) th (other) wh (where) zh (vision) ng (Viking) Name 9 other vowel sounds o (ball) oo (book) oo (moon) ou (house) oi (foil) ? (chicken) a (father) ar (fair) ur (her fur)

Stroke Warning Signs Seen Hours or Days Before Attack

Stroke Warning Signs Seen Hours or Days Before Attack Warning signs of a stroke may appear as early as seven days before an attack and require urgent treatment to prevent serious damage to the brain, according to a study of stroke patients published in the March 8, 2005 issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology. A total of 80 percent of strokes are ischemic, caused by the narrowing of the large or small arteries of the brain, or by clots that block blood flow to the brain. They are often preceded by a transient ischemic attack (TIA), a â€Å"warning stroke† or â€Å"mini-stroke† that shows symptoms similar to a stroke, typically lasts less than five minutes and does not injure the brain. The study examined 2,416 people who had experienced an ischemic stroke. In 549 patients, TIAs were experienced prior to the ischemic stroke and in most cases occurred within the preceding seven days: 17 percent occurring on the day of the stroke, 9 percent on the previous day, and 43 percent at some point during the seven days prior to the stroke. â€Å"We have known for some time that TIAs are often a precursor to a major stroke,† said study author Peter M. Rothwell, MD, Ph.D., FRCP, of the Department of Clinical Neurology at Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, England. â€Å"What we haven’t been able to determine is how urgently patients must be assessed following a TIA in order to receive the most effective preventive treatment. This study indicates that the timing of a TIA is critical, and the most effective treatments should be initiated within hours of a TIA in order to prevent a major attack.† The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 18,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to improving patient care through education and research. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous systems such as stroke, Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, autism, and multiple sclerosis. Common Symptoms of a TIA While similar to those of a stroke, the symptoms of a TIA are temporary, and include: Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.Sudden confusion or problems understanding.Sudden difficulty speaking.Sudden vision difficulty in one or both eyes.Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or difficulty walking.Sudden, severe headache with no apparent cause.

Various organizational police functions (local, state, federal) Essay

Various organizational police functions (local, state, federal) - Essay Example Local police officers: apprehend violators; preserve peace; prevent crime; enforce the law; protect human life and property; and serve the public (Johnson and Cox III, 2004). According to Shane (2010), the functions above differ from one another hierarchically [roles and powers are assigned to these levels hierarchically]. Federal police agencies enforce particular types of federal laws, state officers enforce state laws, and local police officers operate at the county level. In respect to the foregoing, a federal agent has jurisdiction over the entire country, while a local police agent has his jurisdiction limited to his town, city or county. A state police agent has jurisdiction over an entire state. There is no better solution to the way the present law enforcement system operates at each level because the hierarchical arrangement of the security systems allows for systematic distribution of roles and duties, and thereby helping extirpate confusion and superimposition of roles. Likewise, with this current system, law and order can be effectively and efficiently discharged, since there is flow of hierarchy. For instance, federal agencies such as the FBI can easily apprehend a criminal by acting on reports from state

Case study - holden australia - Marketing and Survey Research

- holden australia - Marketing and Survey Research - Case Study Example ative technologies to their car models or introduce a completely different product range so as to attract more of the Australian consumers towards their brand? Rationale: The major managerial problem was rapid failures in the new product development. Holden should have tried to determine the reason behind the failures of its new product developments. The company did not aim to understand the changing needs of the consumer market but focused only on profit growth which led to such an erroneous managerial decision. The new product development is a strategy that is adopted by a company when it intends to enter into new market with existing products. Customers nowadays focus on more on quality and new technology based products. The problem that resulted from the management’s decision was quitting the Australian market which somewhere was coincided with Holden’s failure in the local market. The flagship product of Holden was Commodore whose sales fell down by 9%. The vehicle manufacturing company was producing those cars that were not demanded by the consumers anymore. Commodore which had hit high sales three years ago was declini ng on the sales growth. Though the vehicle market was booming the locally made cars by Holden was failing miserable. The traditional small cars had hit high sales in the financial year but the locally made cars by Holden had seen a slump down in sales. The company was manufacturing different kind of products without being concerned of what was actually the demand of the Australian market. Then because of the problem faced by Holden the management decided to leave the Australian market. Holden’s key goals were to be the market leader of the vehicle manufacturing industry through the range of products it offered. Its aim was to acquire more of market share than to really understand what kind of modifications its product line required so as to support the changing consumer demand. The new product development strategy is adopted to sustain

Security Metrics Maturity Model for Operational Security

Security Metrics Maturity Model for Operational Security CHAPTER ONE: Introduction In this chapter, the key concepts and definitions by well known security authorities on security metrics is introduced and discussed. Then the issues and motivation that brings about this research topic is explained. Thereafter, the end result which is the objectives is put forth. To achieve these objectives, the goals are briefly outlined. There is also a section that explains the scope of the research and limitations for this work. Finally, the research flow on the chapters is explained. 1.1 Introduction Information Technology (IT) is continuously evolving at faster rate and enterprises are always trying to keep pace with the changes. So does the threats. As the complexity of IT increase, the unprecedented threat environment and security challenges also have increased multi fold over the years. Security Managers and CSOs with the blessings of top management keep investing and on security solutions to protect from ever increasing adversaries. But getting the blessings is not always an easy task for them as management normally does not see the direct benefit. Convincing on security investment is also part of challenges for Security Managers and CSOs. As part of the convincing process, the Security Metrics (SM) plays a vital role in any organization. It helps the management to have a close to comprehensive view of their organizational security posture. SM provides some measurement on how secure the organization is. However, how accurate is the information provided by the SM? Can the management take the SM as a final view of their respective organizational security posture? Can SM ensure the investment made for security is worth? A good SM should be able to answer accurately or provide some qualified response for the questions that management have. SM receiving many attention lately as IT Security is no more an option. With multitude of attacks from adversaries and many regulatory requirements, organizations are spending on security investment to ensure they are protected and stay competitive in markets. The greatest push factors for the metrics awareness are the recent amplified regulatory requirement, greater demand for transparency and accountability. Additionally there are many internal factors that driving organization to justify security investments, security and business objectives alignment and finally to fine-tune effectiveness and efficiency of organizational security programs. Much has been written and researched on SM on various aspects from data collection, analysis to measurement method etc. A considerable number of research efforts have been emerging in best practices, methodologies, framework, tool and techniques are being recommended and adopted to mature the security metrics. However, relatively little has been reported and proven on quality and matured metrics one has to follow and put in practice. Moreover security cannot be measured as a universal concept due to the complexity, uncertainty, non-stationary, limited observability of operational systems, and malice of attackers [VERENDEL V, 2010]. More has to be researched in the area of security metrics. Many interpretations and meanings of Security Metrics have been found on the Internet. Some examples taken from well know publications and researchers are as follows: According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), â€Å"Metrics are tools designed to facilitate decision-making and improve performance and accountability through collection, analysis and reporting of relevant performance-related data† [NIST-SP, 2001]. Whereas SANS in its â€Å"A Guide to Security Metrics, SANS Security Essentials GSEC Practical Assignment†, Shirley C. Payne says that â€Å"Measurements provide single point-in-time views of specific, discrete factors, while metrics are derived by comparing to a predetermined baseline two or more measurements taken over time. Measurements are generated by counting: metrics are generated from analysis. In other words, measurements are objective raw data and metrics are either objective or subjective human interpretations of those data†. [SHIRLEY C. PAYNE, 2006] She also further describes what would be considered a â€Å"useful† metric: â€Å"Truly useful metrics indicate the degree to which security goals, such as data confidentiality, are being met and they drive actions taken to improve an organization’s overall security program.† Yet another one practical definition by Andrew Jaquith, states that â€Å"Metrics is a term used to denote a measure based on a reference and involves at least two points, the measure and the reference. Security in its most basic meaning is the protection from or absences of danger. Literally, security metrics should tell us about the state or degree of safety relative to a reference point and what to do to avoid danger†. [JAQUITH (1), 2007] [M. SWANSON, 2003] highlights some of the key uses of security metrics in an organization. They are (not limited to):- Enabling organizations to verify compliance level against internal and external institutions. (e.g. laws, regulations, standards, contractual obligations) and internal ones (e.g. organizational policies and procedures Provide visibility and increasing transparency on accountability with regards to specific security controls and facilitating detection. Provide effectiveness and efficiency of security management by providing better visibility on security posture at high and granular level, helping in security strategies and display trends. Helping management to decide better on security investments in terms of allocating resources, product and services. Having a right security metrics is a paramount in gauging a security posture of an organization. Most of the SM concerns coins from the correctness and effectiveness. Correctness denotes assurance that the security-enforcing mechanisms have been rightly implemented (i.e. they do exactly what they intended to do, such as performing some calculation). Effectiveness denotes assurance that the security-enforcing mechanisms of the systems meet the stated security objectives (i.e. they do not do anything other than what is intended for them to do, while satisfying expectation or resiliency).[BARABANOV et al, 2011] Organizations faced with many security metrics options to be used. The security managers and CSOs bombarded with large set of related, unrelated, heterogeneous security metrics by different source or assets within the organization. How will they make these metrics to be more meaningful and eventually reduce risks and support strategic security decisions? Therefore, the decision makers should be furnished a proper security metrics guidelines that encompass the right type of measurement / data to choose, correct way of analyzing and interpreting and any other recommendations. This research, therefore will explore further on the existing security metrics recommendations currently in practice. In order to improve the current security metrics, more research efforts are needed and focused in the area of good estimators, human element reduction, obtaining more systematic and speedy means to obtain meaningful measurements and better understanding of composition of security mechanisms. [LUNDHOLM et al, 2011] Therefore, this research will explore the identification of quality security elements to determine matured security metrics as there are many areas within IT security that contributes to an organizational security posture. This mainly involves providing weight-age for each and every element. Thereafter the elements are then prioritized and finally sum up to provide a final security posture of an organization. Some of the key domains within security are cryptography, operational security, physical security, application security, telecommunication security and many more. The research will identify elements within these domains that play a vital role in an organization to produce a security metrics report for management. These elements are further scrutinized and qualified to be part of the security metrics. The scrutinization and qualification is done through various researches done by previous researchers. The systematic techniques will provide a guided recommendation for near optimal security metrics for an organization. The key questions for this research will be what is acceptable security metrics element or measurement for a domain? How accurately these parameters are obtained? How effective are they? As a whole how matured are the metrics? How these various elements and parameters can be used to provide an accurate and convincing security posture report for an organization in a practical manner? To go further explaining this research, imagine this scenario: A key security personnel of an organization presenting a finding of the company’s security posture. She/he talking about how good the security in place, how good is the security fortress, how impenetrable the security perimeter and so on. To support his claims he throws some PowerPoint slides with security metrics. The management was like awed and feeling comfortable with the presentation and they felt secure doing their business. But then there are few questions from the floor on the accuracy, quality, completeness and maturity of the metrics. How confidence is the security metrics presented? Hence a proper model that supports the claim is needed. The model will substantiate the claims of the security personnel on her/ his findings. Therefore this research will look into the ways of substantiating by proposing a maturity model. The end result of this research will be guiding principles that leads Security Managers to produce a convincing and close to accurate report for C Level management of an organization. This research will look into various studies done on existing measurements and security elements for Security Metrics and produce a method that will portray the maturity of security metrics used in an organization. 1.2 Problem Statement The lack of clear guidance on security measurements that represent a security posture of an organization has been always a problem despite many researches done in the area. Despite many methods and definition in the area of security metrics were introduced, nothing is strikingly clear that enable organization to adopt and implement in their respective organization particularly in operational security. There are many theoretical and more to academia texts available in this area [JAQUITH, 2007, M. SWANSON, 2003, CIS-SECMET, 2012]. Organizations still lack of precise knowledge of practicable and effective security metrics in the operational security settings. 1.3 Motivation There is an obvious need in guiding organization to the right direction in implementing their respective organizational security program. There is paucity exist in the mode of guiding process for organization to implement security program with the right metrics to monitor their operational activities. The main incentive behind proposing a matured security metrics for operational security is a workable solution and guide for matured security metrics for any organization. Organizations need a model to look into the type of metrics used in their security program and a model to chart their metrics improvement program. Hence the solution will be an asset for organizations in implementing reliable and practical security metrics. This paper will answer question like â€Å"Are incidents declining and improving security over time? If yes or no, how reliable are the answers?† Is my metrics are correct and reliable if not how can I improve it? Further, the paper will provide some practic al top down approach in approaching security metrics in an operational environment. Another motivation for this paper is the findings from the [PONEMON, 2010], who claims many researches lack of guidance, impractical in operational environment and purely formal treatment as no empirical support as a whole. In the end, through some findings of this paper, organizations will be able to gauge the return on investment on security investments. They should be able to measure successes and failures of past and current security investments and well informed on future investments. 1.4 Objectives The problem statement and motivations bring the objective for this work. The objectives for this project will be: a. To provide security metric quality taxonomy for operational security b. To devise methods for matured security metrics for operational security To achieve these objectives, the methodology and goals used for this work would be: Conduct a literature review on existing research works and state of the art Identify the key operational areas based industry expert inputs Develop a taxonomy based on the key operational areas Identify the key criteria or parameters that make a good quality metrics Identify on how to categorize or rank the metrics to represent the maturity of a metric Develop a method to guide for a quality security metrics Develop a metric score card to represent maturity level Develop a Security Metrics Maturity Index (SM-Mi) 1.5 Scope of Work For the purpose of this research only a certain area of operational security is identified. Also to be more focused, to give a better view and example, we will choose few important and popular metrics among security practitioners. The research is aim to provide a very practical approach in operational security metrics for an organization, but is not meant to be treated as an exhaustive guide or resource. Metrics prioritization is out of the scope of this research as organizations have various different business objectives and goals. These decide and dictate the type of metrics to be used and emphasized as such metrics will not be discussed [BARABANOV, 2011]. 1.7 Thesis Layout The research consists of 6 chapters; the first chapter will describe some security concepts and motivation for this topic. The second chapter will delve into the related works done in this area. This chapter will identify some key research findings and what is lacking in them and how some of the information will help for this thesis. As for the research methodology and proposed framework, chapter 3 will explain this. Chapter 4 will identify and explain in detail the formulation of proposed metrics and taxonomy for operational security in the form of techniques. Meanwhile Chapter 5 will discuss a case study based on the solution proposed. Chapter 6 will be a brief chapter that summarize the research and will discuss on future direction of this research.

Views of stereotypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

During the early 1800's, racism was still rampant among citizens in America, especially those in the south. Minorities were generalized as a member of a certain racial group and stereotyped with degrading qualities that implied that they were less than human. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain creates a character with all of the African-American stereotypes, and throughout the novel, develops him into a character that everyone can relate to, showing that he is human. At that time, African-Americans were seen as animals that did not care for anyone, but Twain shows that Jim has feelings, despite what society thinks. Another aspect of the African-American stereotype was that all African-Americans were stupid, but Jim, although uneducated, is not portrayed as stupid. A common belief among racists at the time was that African-Americans were less than human, but throughout the novel, Jim shows feelings of despair, regret and compassion, all of which are humanlike. In contrast to the typical stereotype that African-Americans care for no one but theirselves, Jim is depicted as an extremely caring person. When describing his daughter to Huck, Jim says, â€Å"En wid dat I fetch' her a slap side de head dat sont her a-spawlin'†¦Oh, Huck, I bust out a-cryin' en grab her up in my arms, en say, ‘Oh, de po' little thing! De Lord God Amighty fogive po' Jim, kaze he never gwyne to forgive hisself as lon's he live!†(156). In this quotation, Jim expresses extreme regrete and sorrow for his daughter whom he has realized is deaf and couldn't hear anything he was saying to her. When Huck and Jim have been separated and Huck is staying at the Grangerfords, Jim shows another instance of caring. When Huck saw Jim for the first time again he wrote, † I waked him up, and I reckoned it was going to be a grand surprise to him to see me again, but it warn't. He nearly cried he was so glad, but he warn't surprised†(114). In this quotation, Twain illustrates Jim's concern for not only his own family, but for his Huck, whom he has formed a unique friendship with. Twain successfully develops Jim into a character that cares not only for his family, but for his friends. African-Americans and slaves especially, were stereotyped as ignorant in the early 1800's. Jim, like most other slaves, has no formal education and talks in a dialect that makes him appear to be less educated. However Jim has a unique kind of intelligence. When Huck was trying to trick Jim into thinking that he had dreamt up their separation in the fog, Jim notices the debris on Huck, â€Å"Jim looked at the trash, and then looked at me, and back at the trash again. He had got the dream fixed so strong in his head that he couldn't seem to shake it loose and get the facts back into its place again right away. But when he did get the thing straightened around he looked at me steady without ever smiling† (54). Jim shows his common sense smarts by figuring out when Huck is lying to him. The fact that Huck, an educated white boy, couldn't fool Jim, an uneducated slave, with his scheme shows that although Jim is uneducated, he is intelligent in his own way. When the Duke and the King come on board the raft, Jim knows that since the King claims he is from France, that he should be able to speak French. â€Å"I found Jim had been trying to get him to talk French, so he could hear what it was like; but he said he had been in this country so long, and had so much trouble, he'd forgot it†(179). This shows the reasoning ability that Jim has. He knows that since the King is from France he should be able to speak French. Huck interprets this as Jim wanting to hear French, but what Jim is actually trying to do is to verify the King's story and keep themselves safe. Perhaps the worst stereotype about African-Americans at that time was that they were less than human, unable to feel humanlike emotions or act like normal humans do. Jim is portrayed as exactly the opposite, routinely risking his own life and freedom for the welfare of others. When Tom has been shot and Huck is consulting with Jim on what they should do, Jim says, â€Å"Well, den, is Jim gwyne to say it? No, sah-I doan'budge a step out'n this place ‘dout a doctor; not if it's forty year! (266)†. Jim has decided to risk being caught again to make sure that Tom Sawyer sees a doctor. He knows very well that he could easily be caught doing this and set back into slavery, but he does it anyway. This shows that Jim is a very humanlike character who experiences humanlike emotions, compassion in this instance, and acts in selfless ways. Twain again demonstrates Jim's equality and humanlike characteristics when Huck and Jim and eating on the raft. Huck writes, â€Å"so Jim he go t out some corn-dodgers and buttermilk, and pork and cabbage and greens†¦ and whilst I eat my supper we talked and had a good time† (126). This quotation illustrates Jim as an equal to Huck who can experience the same easy-going and fun emotions that Huck can. No where in the book is Jim unable to understand an emotion Huck or any other person is feeling, showing his humanity. Jim is a representation of how all people can feel emotions for others, be intelligent no matter how uneducated they are, and experience emotions of the human race. Mark Twain has succeeded in creating a character who although is a minority, embodies characteristics that people can relate to. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was an important statement against racism and the values taught can still be applies to the American culture today.

The Holocaust Of Nazi Ideology - 1917 Words

At the foundation of Nazi ideology is a strict adherence to the racial purification of the ‘Aryan race.’ Nazi propagandists and racial fanatics created ways to limit the rights of people who were deemed racially inferior; the majority of such policies focused on solving the ‘Jewish Problem.’ In an effort to increase pressures on the Jewish population of Europe, the Nazi regime imposed laws and edicts to remove any legal rights of Jewish citizens. In order to purify the German race, the Nazi regime went a step further and implemented legislation to separate the Jewish and Aryan populations; a separation of these groups would provide a quicker way to racial purification. In the mid-1930s, laws, like the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, were enacted to inhibit marriage and sexual relations between people of Jewish and Aryan descent. This particular law focuses on the purification of German blood, the Jewish-German marriage policy and th e display of Reich symbols. Looking at its historical context, however, we see that this law is only a small piece of the Nazi policies focused on the persecution of Jews. From the beginning its’ creation, Nazi ideology was centered on the purification of the ‘Aryan race.’ The Nordic peoples of Germany needed to not only be free from Jews and the Slavs of Eastern Europe, but proclaimed a need to refine the blood of Germany that had been diluted over the years by these groups. In the Law for the Protection of GermanShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Holocaust1151 Words   |  5 Pagesis the genocide know as the Holocaust. All over the world religions usually teach that all of civilization is equal and that we should all be cordial with each other, but monstrosities like Adolf Hitler broke those sacred laws. The Holocaust was a time period where a set of people were persecuted. 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Mental Health Counseling Integrating Consultation and...

Abstract With the meshing of consultation and advocacy, mental health counselors can both assist in dealing with the issues that their clients face personally, but also help to make better the world around them. In order to respond to the thesis questions presented in this paper, we must first define consultation and social justice advocacy within the counseling context. Typically, consultation means a general meeting or conference between parties. In the counseling context however, we can say that it â€Å"usually involves three parties: a consultant, a consultee, and a client system. The consultant delivers direct service to the consultee, who delivers direct service to a client system (Doherty, 1990). Consultation for professional†¦show more content†¦In working with populations that have experienced social injustices such as poverty, racial intimidations, abuse, etc. it is the responsibility of the counselor to be the voice for those who cannot speak up for themselves. Practices such as collaborating with multiple stakeholder groups and identifying institutional polices that may promote marginalization of vulnerable community members are used by both consultants (Brown, 1993; Kampwirth, 2006) and advocates (Vera Speight, 2003). While it is important to understand the social injustices that many clients face, it is also critical to k now exactly why these injustices occur. It is also important that counselors attempt to change the structures that are responsible for the oppression of mental health clients. This social justice movement is sometimes referred to as professional counseling’s fifth force (Ratts, D’Andrea, Arredondo, 2004)—in other words advocacy counseling. Counseling is indeed an effective and powerful tool in helping the less fortunate with their problems. However, counseling by itself is cannot be used to advance clients’ wellbeing. There must be an interlocking of counseling, consultation and social advocacy. 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